Saturday, 11 April 2015

Robert McFadden: Becoming Friends with Oneself: Cicero in the Cassiciacum Dialogues

In the Cassiciacum dialogues, Augustine attempted to adopt Ciceronian friendship for a Christian philosophical life by working out what it means to live according to reason. I will argue that Augustine developed the soliloquy as a spiritual exercise so that the soul could recognize that to live according to reason means to identify and love oneself in God's love. Augustine emphasized that when friends use their reason well (Sol.I.7), they long for God; the more friends choose to pursue the activity of contemplating the divine, the more they choose to become identified and unified in the intimacy and love which they have for each other in God. Like Cicero, however, Augustine understood that one could not begin to love one's friends without a proper form of self-love (Sol.I.8). Linking self-love to self-knowledge, Augustine asserted that individuals love themselves when they pursue the two objects of philosophy: knowledge of God and the soul (Ord.2.48). As a spiritual exercise, the soliloquy allowed individuals to pursue knowledge of God and the soul because they could remember the love God has for them through a conversation with their own reason. In adopting such a mode of discourse, Augustine provided a way to overcame the pride of the will by deepening Ciceronian friendship and showing that one become friends with oneself when one sees one's existence as a gift from God.

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